Competitive coevolution between microbes and viruses has led to the diversification of
CRISPR–Cas defense systems against infectious agents. By analyzing metagenomic terabase …

Maize is an important crop with a high level of genome diversity and heterosis. The genome
sequence of a typical female line, B73, was previously released. Here, we report a de novo …

As a miniature RNA-guided endonuclease, IscB is presumed to be the ancestor of Cas9 and
to share similar functions. IscB is less than half the size of Cas9 and thus more suitable for …

CRISPR–Cas13 systems have recently been used for targeted RNA degradation in various
organisms. However, collateral degradation of bystander RNAs has limited their in vivo …

Conversion of glial cells into functional neurons represents a potential therapeutic approach
for replenishing neuronal loss associated with neurodegenerative diseases and brain injury…

The type VF CRISPR-Cas12f system is a strong candidate for therapeutic applications due
to the compact size of the Cas12f proteins. In this work, we identify six uncharacterized …

The early maize (Zea mays) seed undergoes several developmental stages after double
fertilization to become fully differentiated within a short period of time, but the genetic control of …

Broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum L.) has strong tolerance to abiotic stresses, and is
probably one of the oldest crops, with its earliest cultivation that dated back to ca. ~10,000 years…

DNA base editors, typically comprising editing enzymes fused to the N-terminus of nCas9,
display off-target effects on DNA and/or RNA, which have remained an obstacle to their …

Current DNA base editors contain nuclease and DNA deaminase that enables deamination
of cytosine (C) or adenine (A), but no method for guanine (G) or thymine (T) editing is …