Enhanced neuronal activity in the brain triggers a local increase in blood flow, termed functional
hyperemia, via several mechanisms, including calcium (Ca 2+ ) signaling in astrocytes. …

Developing hippocampal neurons in microisland culture undergo rapid and extensive
transmitter release-dependent depression of evoked (phasic) excitatory synaptic activity in …

A variety of processes limit NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor (NMDAR) activity in
response to agonist exposure, including rundown—the decline of peak current with repeated, …

The structure and function of spines and excitatory synapses are under the dynamic control
of multiple signalling networks. Although tyrosine phosphorylation is involved, its regulation …

Two-photon microscopy offers the promise of monitoring brain activity at multiple locations
within intact tissue. However, serial sampling of voxels has been difficult to reconcile with …

In cerebellar Purkinje cell dendrites, heterosynaptic calcium signaling induced by the
proximal climbing fiber (CF) input controls plasticity at distal parallel fiber (PF) synapses. The …

NMDA receptors (NMDARs) play a crucial role in neuronal development, synaptic plasticity,
and excitotoxicity; therefore, regulation of NMDAR function is important in both physiological …

Miniature transmitter release results from the constitutive low-level release of individual vesicles
of neurotransmitter. Since the 1950s, this form of synaptic transmission has largely been …

Key points Cation–chloride cotransporters (CCCs) play a critical role in controlling the efficacy
and polarity of GABA A receptor (GABA A R)‐mediated transmission in the brain, yet their …

Cerebellar unipolar brush cells (UBCs) are glutamatergic interneurons that receive direct input
from vestibular afferents in the form of a unique excitatory synapse on their dendritic brush…