The mammalian brain contains dedicated circuits for both the learned expression and
suppression of fear. These circuits require precise coordination to facilitate the appropriate …

Emerging evidence indicates that distinct hippocampal domains differentially drive cognition
and emotion [1, 2]; dorsal regions encode spatial, temporal, and contextual information [3–5]…

Miniature microscopes have gained considerable traction for in vivo calcium imaging in
freely behaving animals. However, extracting calcium signals from raw videos is a …

Memory is a dynamic process that is continuously regulated by both synaptic and intrinsic
neural mechanisms. While numerous studies have shown that synaptic plasticity is important …

Memories are stored in the brain as cellular ensembles activated during learning and
reactivated during retrieval. Using the Tet-tag system in mice, we label dorsal dentate gyrus …

The formation and extinction of fear memories represent two forms of learning that each
engage the hippocampus and amygdala. How cell populations in these areas contribute to fear …

With the prevalence of age-related cognitive deficits on the rise, it is essential to identify
cellular and circuit alterations that contribute to age-related memory impairment. Increased …

Memory formation is thought to occur in the brain through dynamic remodeling of the
synaptic architecture between neurons. The cellular mechanisms underlying these dynamics …

For group-living animals, the social environment provides salient experience that can weaken
or strengthen aspects of cognition such as memory recall. Although the cellular substrates …

Memories are encoded in neural ensembles during learning and stabilized by post-learning
reactivation. Integrating recent experiences into existing memories ensures that memories …