l-Lactate is increasingly appreciated as a key metabolite and signaling molecule in mammals.
However, investigations of the inter- and intra-cellular dynamics of l-lactate are currently …

N-arachidonoyl glycine (NAGly), a member of lipoamino acids, was reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory
effects in experimental ear edema or peritonitis. However the underlying …

Notoginsenoside R1 (NTR1) is the main active ingredient in Panax notoginseng, a herbal
medicine widely used in Asia for years. The purpose of this study was to investigate …

C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is abundant in brain and is reported to exert autocrine
function in vascular cells, but its effect on blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability has not been …

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are composed of an assembly
between at least seven alpha (α2–α7, α9) and three beta (β2–β4) subunits in mammals. The …

Many evidences strongly suggest that a mitochondrial deficit is implicated in major
depression. A mitochondrial deficit leads to mitochondrial stress responses, including the …

Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is abundantly expressed in the
hypothalamus and contributes to hypothalamic functions, including appetite regulation. …

In cortical neurons cultured for 3 or 9 days in vitro (DIV), exposure to hydrogen peroxide (H
2 O 2 ) led to a marked decrease in cell viability in a concentration‐dependent manner at a …

Three types of bi‐functionalized copolymers (P1FAz, P2FAz, and P3FAz) with different numbers
of fluorene units and an azobenzene unit were synthesized and characterized using UV–…

We have previously shown that pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP)
in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) enhances feeding during the dark cycle and after …