Background A pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been spreading over the world. …

The dynamics of quasispecies afford RNA viruses a great fitness on cell tropism and host
range. To study the quasispecies features and the intra-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2, we …

Background Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence or Antagonist-II (PIVKA-II) is an efficient
biomarker specific for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Some researchers have proved that …

Blood clot formation induced by dysfunctional coagulation is a frequent complication of
coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and a high-risk factor for severe illness and death. …

Background The changing pattern of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection could have a significant
impact on future medical prevention practices and therapies. Objectives The purpose of …

In patients coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and HBV, liver injury was common. However, the
interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and HBV coinfection remained unknown. Sixty-seven …

Bats are increasingly accepted as potential reservoirs of many viruses that cause zoonotic
disease outbreaks through spillover to other animals and humans. However, our …

Background: Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has long been used as an effective biomarker for
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening; however, not all HCC patients can be detected with …

Purpose About 60–80 % of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) carriers are characterized with
persistently normal alanine transaminase (ALT). Differences of cytokine expression are …

Leptin is an adipokine minimally known for its activities or underlying mechanisms in
cholangiocarcinoma. The present study explored the effects of leptin on the epithelial‑…