Basal extracellular glutamate sampled in vivo is present in micromolar concentrations in the
extracellular space outside the synaptic cleft, and neither the origin nor the function of this …

The presence and function of cannabinoid CB 2 receptors in the brain have been the
subjects of much debate. We found that systemic, intranasal or intra-accumbens local …

Microglia play critical roles in tissue homeostasis and can also modulate neuronal function
and synaptic connectivity. In contrast to astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which arise from …

Cannabinoid CB 2 receptors (CB 2 Rs) have been recently reported to modulate brain
dopamine (DA)-related behaviors; however, the cellular mechanisms underlying these actions …

The cDNA for the dopamine D 3 receptor was isolated and characterized in 1990. Subsequent
studies have indicated that D 3 receptors, as well as D 3 receptor mRNA, are primarily …

Endocannabinoids (eCBs) exert major control over neuronal activity by activating cannabinoid
receptors (CBRs). The functionality of the eCB system is primarily ascribed to the well-…

The regulation of extracellular glutamate in the nucleus accumbens by group II metabotropic
glutamate receptors (mGluR2/3) was examined in vivo. Stimulation of mGluR2/3 with 2R,4R-…

An emerging hypothesis to explain the mechanism of heroin-induced positive reinforcement
states that opiates inhibit γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic interneurons within the …

Repeated cocaine produces enduring neuroadaptations in glutamate transmission in the
nucleus accumbens that are thought to contribute to addiction. Group II metabotropic glutamate …

The type 2 cannabinoid receptor (CB2R) was initially regarded as a peripheral cannabinoid
receptor. However, recent technological advances in gene detection, alongside the …