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Predictive coding over the lifespan: Increased reliance on perceptual priors in older adults – a magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study

Jason S. Chan, Michael Wibral, Patricia Wollstadt, Cerisa Stawowsky, Mareike Brandl, Saskia Helbling, Marcus Naumer, Jochen Kaiser
doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/178095
Jason S. Chan
1Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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  • For correspondence: Jason.chan@ucc.ie
Michael Wibral
2Brain Imaging Center, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Patricia Wollstadt
2Brain Imaging Center, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Cerisa Stawowsky
2Brain Imaging Center, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Mareike Brandl
1Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Saskia Helbling
1Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
2Brain Imaging Center, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Marcus Naumer
1Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Jochen Kaiser
1Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Abstract

Aging is accompanied by unisensory decline; but to compensate for this, two complementary strategies are potentially relied upon increasingly: first, older adults integrate more information from different sensory organs. Second, according to predictive coding (PC) we form ‘templates’ (internal models or ‘priors’) of the environment through our experiences. It is through increased life experience that older adults may rely more on these templates compared to younger adults. Multisensory integration and predictive coding would be effective strategies for the perception of near-threshold stimuli, but they come at the cost of integrating irrelevant information. Their role can be studied in multisensory illusions because these require the integration of different sensory information, as well as an internal model of the world that can take precedence over sensory input. Here, we elicited a classic multisensory illusion, the sound-induced flash illusion, in younger (mean: 27 yrs) and older (mean: 67 yrs) adult participants while recording the magnetoencephalogram. Older adults perceived more illusions than younger adults. Older adults had increased pre-stimulus beta(β)-band activity compared to younger adults as predicted by microcircuit theories of predictive coding, which suggest priors and predictions are linked to β-band activity. In line with our hypothesis, transfer entropy analysis and dynamic causal models of pre-stimulus MEG data revealed a stronger illusion-related modulation of cross-modal connectivity from auditory to visual cortices in older compared to younger adults. We interpret this as the neural correlate of increased reliance on a cross-modal predictive template in older adults that is leading to the illusory percept.

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Posted August 18, 2017.
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Predictive coding over the lifespan: Increased reliance on perceptual priors in older adults – a magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study
Jason S. Chan, Michael Wibral, Patricia Wollstadt, Cerisa Stawowsky, Mareike Brandl, Saskia Helbling, Marcus Naumer, Jochen Kaiser
bioRxiv 178095; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/178095
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Predictive coding over the lifespan: Increased reliance on perceptual priors in older adults – a magnetoencephalography and dynamic causal modelling study
Jason S. Chan, Michael Wibral, Patricia Wollstadt, Cerisa Stawowsky, Mareike Brandl, Saskia Helbling, Marcus Naumer, Jochen Kaiser
bioRxiv 178095; doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/178095

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